Muslim Empires Essay Example for Free

Muslim Empires Essay The Ottoman Turks consisted of Turkic-speaking nomadic people who had spread westward from Central Asia in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries. They were located in the northwestern corner of the peninsula, which allowed them to expand westward and eventually take over empires between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. The sultan was the supreme authority in both a political and a military sense. Administrative and military power were centralized under the bey, who was only a tribal leader, tribal law was before Muslim law. The Ottoman authorities were Sunni Muslims. The sultan assigned duties to a supreme religious authority, who then maintained a system of schools to educate Muslims. There were some who believed in Sufism or other doctrines, but the government allowed it as long as they were still loyal to the empire. Non-Muslims had to pay a head tax since they were exempt from military service. The Ottoman Empire was divided into four main occupational groups: peasants, artisans, merchants, and pastoral people. Shah Ismail founded the Safavid Dynasty. The Safavids was a mixed society like the Ottoman Empire; majority of the population were Iranian. They used the Shi’ite faith, and Shi’ism was declared the state religion. Like the Ottoman’s sultan, the Safavids had their shahs who would check up on their people. This empire was not as wealthy as the Ottomans and the Mughals. Their greatest area of productivity was in textiles. The founder of the Mughal Dynasty is known as Babur. Ruling of the dynasty was passed down from Babur to his son, Humayun, and then to his grandson, Akbar. As emperor, Akbar didn’t just focus on the views of Muslim but also gave Christian views a chance. He later formed a new type of worship called the Divine Faith, which combined characteristics of different religions. He believed in having a harmonious society, which meant each individual and group would play their assigned role and contribute their part to society. This dynasty was the last of the great traditional Indian dynasties. All three of the empires were Muslim, and they all displayed an impressive capacity to create and run a large empire. The Muslim World was protected by the military and political abilities of these empires. Unlike their European counterparts, these empires continued to thrive.

James Joyces Araby - Analysis of Araby :: Joyce Dubliners Araby Essays

James Joyce's Araby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In James Joyce's short story "Araby," several different micro-cosms are evident. The story demonstrates adolescence, maturity, and public life in Dublin at that time. As the reader, you learn how this city has grown to destroy this young boy's life and hopes, and create the person that he is as a narrator.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Araby," the "mature narrator and not the naive boy is the story's protagonist."(Coulthard) Throughout the story this is easily shown, especially when it refers to "the hour when the Christian Brothers' school set the boys free."(Joyce 2112) Although they were freed, they were placed into an "equally grim world, where not even play brought pleasure."(Coulthard) Joyce demonstrates this culture by showing a boy's love for a girl throughout the story. This young boy, is completely mystified by this girl, but at the end, the girl is replaced by the girl with an "English accent" attending the booth at the bazaar. This shows the power and persuasiveness that England has at that time over Dublin.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The antagonist in this story, which can easily be determined is the culture and life in Dublin. This has a great effect on the boy and the rest of the people from this city. Dublin is referred to as the "center of paralyses,"(Internet) and "indeed sterile."(Joyce) This plays a huge role in the forming of this boy's life, where there is no fun. "Araby" is a story "of a soul-shriveling Irish asceticism, which renders hopes and dreams not only foolish, but sinful."(Coulthard) In the story, the only thing that the young boy has to look forward to is buying something for the girl he loves, and in the end he can't even do that; and by making the final characters English, the story leaves an impact on the reader about the Dublin society. It shows the antagonist of the story to be "a repressive Dublin culture."(Coulthard)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through this allegorical piece, the reader can understand the harsh life that people are forced to deal with in Dublin society. "The narrator has become embittered rather than wiser, which was his destiny from the first for desiring

A Guide to Critical and Creative

Similar illness in one community suggests that there must be a connection between the environment and the illnesses. Acting on that hunch, I would conduct interviews with the families and people that are affected. All ideas and procedures in this easy can be found in chapter 10. (Ruggiero, 2012). I would ask them when did the symptoms start and what their official diagnosis, if any, has their doctor gave them. The assumptions that the land itself has to be the source of the contamination could hinder the investigation. To critically think about the issue I will have to brainstorm some questions to be answered.What company or companies built the houses? Who was in charge of overseeing the building codes? What companies were the building materials bought from? Is this company following all rules of the EPA? What industries are close by? What do they produce and what is their environmental impact? At this time, I cannot assume that everyone will be open for interviews or share my passio n for investigating the issue. I will keep in mind that some of the information will be hear-say or secondhand information that may not be accurate.This type of information may lead to more interviews to check the source of the information. I would do research at the library to check maps of the area before it was developed. The court house would have information about the land to look into also. Close by communities that have been developed years earlier may hold clues. I would ask around in those communities for a few leads on whom I may interview there. The symptoms and diagnosis of the people involved was the first clue as to what is the common denominator of this issue. Investigating the land before it was developed may lead to answers.This was the first assumption or hunch. The answers received from this part of the investigation may not match up to the symptoms that could arise from the state of the land before it was developed. The next investigation would involve the materi als that the homes are built out of. Even if the same contractor did not build all the houses, I must find out if the contractors may have used a common supplier. All through the investigation, the symptoms and illness must match the possible causes. To critically think about the issue, all possibilities must be considered.It could be that two materials that by themselves are harmless, were used together to create a harmful environment. It is possible that the contractors may not want to speak about their practices concerning the development of this community. This would be the time to look for ex-employees to interview. I may face criticism for my efforts to find the cause of the illnesses. The criticism may be very helpful to my investigation. No matter how much I think I am correct or perfect, there is always room for more information and improvement.I must take into consideration how my ideas match up with the information collected with both positive and negative feedback. Tryin g to save face and convincing people that my ideas are correct are not important. My curiosity will lead me to ask questions that lead to answers that lead to more questions. I will fight the erg to become trapped by my previous miscalculations. The facts in the case and the process of elimination will help lead the way. I must stay open to the possibilities that a previous eliminated cause or idea may still have a role to play in solving the problem.Similar illness in one community suggests that there must be a connection between the environment and the illnesses. Acting on that hunch, I would conduct interviews with the families and people that are affected. All ideas and procedures in this easy can be found in chapter 10. (Ruggiero, 2012). I would ask them when did the symptoms start and what their official diagnosis, if any, has their doctor gave them. The assumptions that the land itself has to be the source of the contamination could hinder the investigation. To critically thi nk about the issue I will have to brainstorm some questions to be answered.What company or companies built the houses? Who was in charge of overseeing the building codes? What companies were the building materials bought from? Is this company following all rules of the EPA? What industries are close by? What do they produce and what is their environmental impact? At this time, I cannot assume that everyone will be open for interviews or share my passion for investigating the issue. I will keep in mind that some of the information will be hear-say or secondhand information that may not be accurate.This type of information may lead to more interviews to check the source of the information. I would do research at the library to check maps of the area before it was developed. The court house would have information about the land to look into also. Close by communities that have been developed years earlier may hold clues. I would ask around in those communities for a few leads on whom I may interview there. The symptoms and diagnosis of the people involved was the first clue as to what is the common denominator of this issue. Investigating the land before it was developed may lead to answers.This was the first assumption or hunch. The answers received from this part of the investigation may not match up to the symptoms that could arise from the state of the land before it was developed. The next investigation would involve the materials that the homes are built out of. Even if the same contractor did not build all the houses, I must find out if the contractors may have used a common supplier. All through the investigation, the symptoms and illness must match the possible causes. To critically think about the issue, all possibilities must be considered.It could be that two materials that by themselves are harmless, were used together to create a harmful environment. It is possible that the contractors may not want to speak about their practices concerning the devel opment of this community. This would be the time to look for ex-employees to interview. I may face criticism for my efforts to find the cause of the illnesses. The criticism may be very helpful to my investigation. No matter how much I think I am correct or perfect, there is always room for more information and improvement.I must take into consideration how my ideas match up with the information collected with both positive and negative feedback. Trying to save face and convincing people that my ideas are correct are not important. My curiosity will lead me to ask questions that lead to answers that lead to more questions. I will fight the erg to become trapped by my previous miscalculations. The facts in the case and the process of elimination will help lead the way. I must stay open to the possibilities that a previous eliminated cause or idea may still have a role to play in solving the problem.

Bharati Vidyapeeth s College Of Engineering For Women Essay

Amphibian Robot Prof.M.S.kasar Department of Electronics Telecommunication Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College Of Engineering For Women Pune, India Shilpa L.dhebe,Sheetal T.jambhulkar,Anjali A.dhavan Department of Electronics Telecommunication Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College Of Engineering For Women Pune, India Abstract—Now a days Water gets polluted due to increment of marshy field. This project helps to perform variety of tasks, which can be perform on land as well as on water surface. It will be very useful for military applications. It is an vehicle which can travel on different kind of surfaces like flat or rocky land terrains water. It performs crawling on land surface and performs swimming on water surfaces. Keywords—amphibious robot; swimming; style; crawling; marshy field Introduction There has been significant interest in development of robots capable of autonomous amphibious operations within turbulent ocean surf zones. Robot is a machine that can be controlled by computer which is designed to move, manipulate object and accomplish work while interacting with environment. Robots have been widely used to perform number of tasks which reduces the manual work specifically in remote areas where human accessibility is unimaginable. The main applications where the robots have exhibited their excellence include surveillance, tracking target for military purposes and also for disaster management like searching rescuing victims. This system deals about evolutionary

Examples Of Determining Animal Behavior And Abundance In...

Determining animal behavior and abundance in the wild can be difficult and methods between researchers will vary. In many cases, different causes for preferences are found for similar groups due to the variety of methods. This is important because most models of animal abundance are based on previous findings on abundance and factors affecting area preference. With vulnerable animals these models are used to determine how to protect certain species by protecting particular areas. Therefore, truly understanding what influences an animals preference to a particular area is critical to protecting certain species. The following two papers, Sheppard and Wirsing, assess two populations of Dugongs and their preferences in those areas. A†¦show more content†¦Major differences in sampling methods could have effected the studies determination of dugong abundance and area of preference. Sheppards study individually tracked 7 dugongs, while Wirsings study recorded observations of 528 in dividuals passing in a transect. To start, the sample sizes could affect results of dugong abundance for the two studies. For one, a sample of 7 mostly adult male dugongs; 5 adult males, 1 unknown maturity male, and 1 adult female; out of a fluctuating 600 to 2,500 population, would not be representative of the population. Male and Female nutritional needs differ along with mature and immature individuals needs and just overall individual health and life stage. Therefore, while this study suggests that dugongs prefer sea grass patches with high N concentrations when available over high biomass, this can be partially applied to adult males ranging from 2.2M-3M, sample size still a bit small, but certainly not for entire populations. On the other hand Wirsing observed 528 individuals out of a fluctuating 10,000-14,000. This is more representative of the population, especially considering it wasnt a bias sampling with gender or maturity. Thus using a larger sample allows a better repre sentation of preferences and abundance of a population. On the other hand, SheppardsShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The White Rhino2826 Words   |  12 Pageshumans (â€Å"Foundational Concepts†2014). Humans have caused severe environmental changes such as global warming, loss of environment, animal trafficking, pollution of toxic chemicals and trash, and poaching. It’s estimated that 905 species are extinct and 16,928 are listed as endangered (â€Å"Endangered Species International† 2015). The white rhino is one of the biggest examples. There is only one male left in the world, which is now being guarded by African armed forces. Over the years, scientists have comeRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pages7-9). 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Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesLabor Unions 38 Management Thought 39 Structure of the HRM Department 40 Employment 40 Training and Development 41 Compensation and Benefits 42 Employee Relations 42 vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment RightsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. 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Many companies take advantage of the fact that the timing of business cycles-recessions and expansions- differs among countries; that is, sales decrease inRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesYou can be as innovative and impactful— if you can change your behaviors to improve your creative impact. In e Innovator’s DNA, authors Je Dyer, Hal Gregersen, and bestselling author Clayton M. Christensen ( e Innovator’s Dilemma, e Innovator’s Solution) build on what we know about disruptive innovation to show how individuals can develop the skills necessary to move progressively from idea to impact. By identifying behaviors of the world’s best innovators—from leaders at Amazon and AppleRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pages 8) The Soccer World Cup is promoted aggressively to both companies and fans. This is an example of marketing a(n) ________. A) idea B) place C) luxury item D) event E) service Answer: D Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 9) The Malaysia, Truly Asia ad campaign that showcased Malaysias beautiful landscape and its multicultural society in order to attract tourists is an example of ________ marketing. A) event B) property C) service D) place E) idea Answer: D PageRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesintermingling of the forces and processes that were arguably essential components 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests the need for flexibility in demarcating phases of world history, and for determining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. 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Theme Of The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck - 723 Words

The Grapes of Wrath Analysis The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, is a novel which demonstrates the lives of families during the Dust Bowl migration of the 1930s and the struggles they faced on their route to California. Throughout the novel, Steinbeck applies his writing style in order to convey the theme and general plot of the novel. To begin, Steinbeck incorporated an informal use of language in this novel. This can be seen through the colloquialism and slang used in the dialogue among characters. Because of this, some portion of the words utilized might be unfamiliar to the reader. This makes words such as ‘cat’, ‘stinko’, and ‘hoyden’ appropriate for the novel due to the plot taking place in the western United†¦show more content†¦Casey is a idiosyncratic character due to his philosophy on the human race. As Casey states,†Maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of.† This belief that a ll men are a part of one large soul contradicts the theme of man’s inhumanity to man and is one of the many ironic happenings in the novel since, in reality, it seems as though it’s every man for himself. Casey is a principal character also because of how greatly his death influenced Tom Joad. After Casey died, Tom wants to make a change in the lives of others rather than just his own. One could consider Jim Casey as a character who changed Tom Joad’s character. The characters who are superfluous to the plot are the Wilsons. The Wilsons did not impact the plot greatly. If Steinbeck were to remove this couple, the only component that might be different within the plot would be the Joads having a bit more money and food. As an example of good writing, the passage about the turtle is especially effective. This passage, which can be found in chapter 3 of the novel, describes the journey of a turtle trying to cross a highway road and was purposely almost run over by one man. This passage is effective particularly because of its use of literary devices. Steinbeck represents symbolism and foreshadowing simultaneously through the turtle and his journey. The turtle symbolizes the families who are traveling to California and the turtle’s struggle to cross theShow MoreRelatedAlienation, A Theme in John Steinbeck ´s The Grapes of Wrath625 Words   |  3 Pages Grapes of Wrath: Alienation In Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck reveals the assumptions and moral values of Californian society in the 1930s by narrating the tale through the eyes of Tom Joad. Tom and his family are evicted from their homes by the bank because the drought had diminished the profitability of the land. They join numerous other migrants on Route 66, hoping for a better life in California. Both the rich Californian landowners and the Californian workers alienate the migrant familiesRead MoreComparing The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1327 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing killed in a ditch and covered with quicklime, watch the mountains of oranges slop down to a putrefying ooze; and in the eyes of the people there is a failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck 349). John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrat es that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. 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John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrates that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1413 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing killed in a ditch and covered with quicklime, watch the mountains of oranges slop down to a putrefying ooze; and in the eyes of the people there is a failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck 349). John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrates that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreBiblical Allusions to The Grapes of Wrath Essay example1457 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Allusions to The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, on February 27, 1902. He studied marine biology at Stanford University and then traveled east on a freighter through the Panama Canal. Steinbeck went to New York to work as a newspaper reporter but soon returned to California and held a variety of jobs while he wrote. Steinbeck published Tortilla Flat in 1935, Of Mice and Men in 1937, and The Red Pony in 1937, which established his reputation as a forcefulRead MoreScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath1720 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath In the novels The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the authors present similar ideas, but use different methods to portray them. Similarities in themes can be made between the two texts; these include the pursuit of the American Dream and the use and misuse of wealth. Other themes are also central to each novel, the strength in unity and the influenceRead MoreGrapes of Wrath essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Grapes of Wrath Book and Film Comparison John Steinbeck was an American author of twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books, and numerous short stories. Steinbeck is widely known for the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden and the novella Of Mice and Men. 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For decades now enthusiasts have participated in endless debates over films and novels. Whether it be a novel that is adapted into a film or a film that is converted into a novel, neither of the works will be an exact image of the other. Often the first piece will obtain mass amounts of popularity, thus influencing the production of itself in the opposing format; however, the mass majority of these occurrences end

Group Work Performance

Question: How to improve group work performance in the organization? Answer: Introduction: Working in a group is good for an organization as well as members. Through working in a group, we can learn many things like, how to work in a group and also sharing ideas and opinion with the other group members. Working in a group help us to share informations and idea with the other team members and help the member to perform his or her role of responsibility. There is a little difference between group and the team members: Group is mainly to share information and help the members to work well in his or her area of responsibility. On the other hand, team means to collect the individual information and take them on the higher level of performance so that they can perform well as a team, team carry each individual work. Working in a group and team there should be a leadership quality (Naumann and Bennett, 2002). Groups can orient a task, they can form a formal structure, the members are familiar to each others, while team involves activity like sports etc. At the same time, a leader in the organization not only guides the people but also motivate them to perform the task in most productive manner. A leader mean taking action and direction of the team, guide the team members, motivate and direct others, setting an objectives etc. A leader in a very simple words the person who guide and direct the group. As a leader, one needs to learn new skills that will enhance capabilities, to enhance capabilities try to learn new skills ,try to update yourself so it will help you to build the organization well, take more and more responsibility, show your enthusiasm level, develop innovative practices. The current assignment will focus on how to improve group work performance in the organization: Individual team members must work well together: In this the each individual team members must work well together no matter how much smart they are they have to coordinate with each other to build a good team. A famous writer said that its good to be great; if the team members are not a good team player then it is not good for the organization (Keyton, 2006). People need to make mistake in fronts of others instead of failing: as much mistake the will do they had a chance to learn more about the work, take risk, fall down, and they can check what is going wrong and try to learn other options until you get it right. Stages of group development (Woodger, 2015) In the 1960s, group development was categorized into 5 stages. This is 5 stages of group development which will help the individual team members to work well in the organization. It ensures that every members of the group has the right tools to work effectively. It also creates an open door policy for every group members to come to you with any problem. Its good if we can motivate our group member regularly by saying that they are doing a good job. Monitors performance has great impact on both group and individuals during a work. 2. Clear established goal: We should establish clear enough goal for the member present in the groups, because without clarity of goal it is difficult to gripe the attention and direct the energy for the team members. We should come up with a good idea and must come up with the goal for the team. In fronts of other people should not make the mistakes and fail to do the tasks, as much mistake the will do they had a chance to learn more about the work, take risk, fall down, figure out what is going wrong and try to learn how to correct it. Instead of other tasks there are a few more new intrusting tasks to do and perform well. One of the famous psychology outlined the following conditions under which groups or a team would expected to work extra hard and prove themselves, like to perform a particular tasks there has a visible outcomes. Human also join group for different reasons like they can increase their security into the number of strength, self esteem besides conveying status to those outsides groups, power and group achievement. People also perform better when they know someones watching (Keyton, 2006). 3. Establish a code of conduct and group norms of the group: Organization can supporting the group by providing the necessary group training, rewards for high performance, instead of doing the task individually we can create it into a direct reward for the group members. People also try to live up to expectations because it is another way to get their best performance is to except it, we can expect a good performance because we have been getting it in the first place. People also tend to slack off in group so they can make everyone accountable because when tackling a creative projects its often easier to give a small group of people .If the team is decide to perform a task every individual should support it. For a good group work performance the most important part is how well we can guide and monitored our group members and the employees present in the organization. Members Presents in the group should maintain their decency level and also maintain the basic requirements what makes the group work performance well in the organization. Conclusion: There are different types of leadership styles which are followed by the leaders in different organization to extract the best performance from the employees. It helps us how to improve a group performance in the organizations as an individuals, groups or in a team. Proper training will helps workers more efficiently and keeps teams running smoothly. It showed the relations how supervisor develop the work with the workers and workers try to tend to influence them in which they carry out their directives. For better group work performance members should trust each other so they can work and co ordinate well. References Keyton, J. (2006).Communicating in groups. New York: Oxford University Press. Naumann, S. and Bennett, N. (2002). The Effects of Procedural Justice Climate on Work Group Performance.Small Group Research, 33(3), pp.361-377. Woodger, D. (2015). Large Group Work: Identity Development and Its Significance for Achieving Race Equality.Group Analysis.